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Smith Rock State Park
Smith Rock State Park is an American state park located in central Oregon's High Desert near the communities of Redmond and Terrebonne. Its sheer cliffs of tuff and basalt are ideal for rock climbing of all difficulty levels. Smith Rock is generally considered the birthplace of modern American sport climbing, and is host to cutting-edge climbing routes. It is popular for sport climbing, traditional climbing, multi-pitch climbing, and bouldering.
== Geology ==
The Smith Rock area is geologically very interesting. It is made up of layers of recent basalt flows overlaying older Clarno ash and tuff formations. Approximately 30 million years ago, a large caldera was formed when overlying rock collapsed into an underground lava chamber. This created a huge amount of rock and ash debris that filled the caldera. That material eventually hardened into rock, becoming Smith Rock tuff. A half million years ago, basalt lava flows from nearby volcanoes covered the older tuff.〔McArthur, Lewis A. and Lewis L. McArthur, Oregon Geographic Names (Seventh edition), "Smith Rock," Oregon Historical Society Press: Portland, Oregon (2003), pp. 890-891.〕〔(''Smith Rock State Park Climbing and Trail Guide'' ), Oregon Parks and Recreation Department, Salem, Oregon, March 2014.〕〔("Smith Rock" ), ''Travel Oregon'', Oregon Tourism Commission, Salem, Oregon, accessed 27 May 2015.〕
Eventually, the Crooked River cut its way through the layers of rock to create today's geographic features. Smith Rock itself is a -high ridge (above sea level) with a sheer cliff-face overlooking a bend in the Crooked River (elev. 2600 ft), making the cliffs about 600 feet high.〔〔
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